Fermion Flavour Sector over Finite Substrate

The flavour sector of the Standard Model is reconstructed over a finite relational arithmetic substrate. The substrate fixes the structural half, one fermion generation as the spinor $\mathbf{16}$, the Higgs mass coupling $m=yv$, and the three-generation count. The paper derives the masses, the mixings, as well as quantitative residue.
The dependency structure of the flavour construction, every claim traced to its inputs and tagged by epistemic role; the quantity table of Appendix B cross-references these codes in its Status column. Each row carries one status, a single tag; a theorem names in its source column the realisations it rests on. The blocks: A the inputs, B the six realisations, C the derived rows, X what the construction explains (Section 9.1), P the falsifiable predictions (Section 9.2), V the machine verification, Z the $\Om$-hard residues, Y the hypothesis stated ahead of its test. The source column names the body statement and, for every machine-verified row, the family identifiers of the validation package (flv.exact_core, flv.neutrino, …; one family per script, Section 10), the package’s records citing the rows in return. The corpus master ledger carries B1 under its row 00:D2, B2 under its row 00:G14, C2 under its row 00:G16, C4 under its row 00:K3, C6 under its rows 00:G15 and 00:K3, C8, C9 and C11 under its row 00:G15, C10 under its rows 00:G15, 00:K3 and 00:C7, C12 under its rows 00:G12 and 00:G18, P1 under its row 00:G16, P2 and P6 under its row 00:K3, Z1 under its row 00:G16, Z3 under its rows 00:D8 and 00:Z6, and Z4 under its row 00:Z8.
#DescriptionStatus Sources
A. Inputs: imported, not derived here
A1p28001Substrate arithmetic: $\F_\Om$, the multiplicative cycle, the Frobenius $C_3$ Galois orbit, the quarter-turn $Q_4$, the admissible residue $\Om\equiv5\,(\mathrm{mod}\,12)$.I
A2p28002One generation as the $\mathbf{16}$ of $\SO(10)$: field content, hypercharges, charges, anomaly freedom, $\sin^2\theta_W=3/8$, and the massless-photon / confining-gluon residues.I
master: 00:G12
A3p28003The Froggatt–Nielsen flavour mechanism and the Wolfenstein parametrisation.I
[froggattnielsen1979; wolfenstein1983]
A4p28004The Gatto–Sartori–Tonin, Georgi–Jarlskog, and lopsided-$\SU(5)$ textures.I
[gattosartoritonin1968; georgijarlskog1979; albrightbarr1998]
A5p28005The seesaw mechanism and the renormalisation-group running.I
[minkowski1977]
A6p28006Measured anchors: the two $\Delta m^2$, $M_R$, the charged-lepton and quark masses, $V_{us}$ and the mixing angles; the Koide identity is P1’s prediction, not an input.I
[koide1983; nufit60]
B. Realisations: mathematics $\to$ physics
B1p28007Matter is the circulant amplitude matrix $\sqrt M$; a mass is the squared modulus of a generation amplitude (the Born square). Falsifier: a charged-lepton spectrum departing from the circulant Koide form at improved precision (present agreement $6\times10^{-6}$).R
master: 00:G16
B2p28008The three generations are the Frobenius $C_3$ Galois orbit: identical in every gauge number, differing only in mass. Falsifier: a fourth generation, or two generations differing in any gauge number.R
master: 00:G14
B3p28009The role depths $(0,1,2)$ of the closed ladder are the Froggatt–Nielsen flavour charges. Falsifier: a confirmed departure of the Wolfenstein hierarchy from the depth ladder $(0,1,2)$, e.g. $V_{us}$ outside the band of the Gatto relation for every phase $\varphi$.R
B4p28010The colour excess of the quark amplitudes is the Georgi–Jarlskog Clebsch $\Nc=3$; the squared amplitude is the cyclotomic norm $N(1-\zeta_n)$. Falsifier: a quark-to-lepton amplitude ratio departing from the $\Nc=3$ Clebsch at improved precision.R
B5p28011A colourless sector (charged leptons, neutrinos) carries the undressed quarter-turn amplitude $r=\sqrt2$, i.e. $Q=2/3$. Falsifier: $Q_\ell\neq2/3$ at improved charged-lepton precision; for neutrinos, inverted ordering, a degenerate spectrum, or $\sum m_\nu\gtrsim120$ meV.R
B6p28051Drive-invariant boundary branch: the lightest colourless neutrino sits at the quarter-turn zero (as the electron), selecting the normal near-$m_1{=}0$ branch. Falsifier: inverted ordering.R
§ 5
C. Derived: theorems within this paper
C1p28012Generation universality $\Rightarrow$ the amplitude matrix is a $C_3$-circulant $\Rightarrow$ the Koide functional form.T
C2p28013$Q=2/3\Leftrightarrow r=\sqrt2\Leftrightarrow\rho^2=\tfrac12$ (the equivalence an identity); the value $\rho^2=\tfrac12$ is the realisation B5.T
master: 00:G16
C3p28014The leading boundary phase is the framed-rational winding $\delta_{\mathrm{LO}}=\tfrac38-\tfrac13=\tfrac1{24}$ cycle (split-torus boundary $\tfrac38$ minus generation $\tfrac13$; continuum $\pi/12$ [approx]); massless lightest generation.T
C4p28015The squared amplitudes are the cyclotomic norms $r_\ell^2=N(1-i)=2$, $r_u^2=N(1-\omega)=3$ (on B5), hence $Q_\ell=\tfrac23$, $Q_u=\tfrac56$ in framed arithmetic ($Q_u=0.849$ in the working scheme, band $0.83$–$0.89$); the down sector is the GJ-dressed intermediate.T
Rem. 4.5; flv.exact_core, flv.quark_amp; rests on B4
master: 00:G17
C5p28016The cross-sector phase lock $\delta_\ell:\delta_d:\delta_u=1:\tfrac12:\tfrac13$ in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ working scheme of Table 2 ($0.388$ for the up ratio with the pole charm mass).T
§ 4.5; flv.delta
C6p28017The Gatto Cabibbo relation $V_{us}=|\sqrt{m_d/m_s}-e^{i\varphi}\sqrt{m_u/m_c}|$, the phase $\varphi$ a kernel datum ($85^\circ\pm10^\circ$ from the data).T
master: 00:G15
C7p28018Up-sector doubling $m^u_i\sim(m^d_i)^2$ from the $\mathbf{10}\cdot\mathbf{10}$ Yukawa.T
Prop. 3; flv.up_doubling
C8p28019Lopsided $M_e=M_d^{\mathsf T}$ splits CKM (small) from PMNS (large); the CKM angle values reduce to the winding kernel and the shared $\sigma$.T
§ 4.4; flv.tier_b
master: 00:G15
C9p28020The reactor angle at leading order, $\sin\theta_{13}=\sin\theta_C/\sqrt2\simeq\delta_0/\sqrt2$ (quark–lepton complementarity): $0.159$ against the measured $0.149$, $7\%$, no correction derived.T
master: 00:G15
C10p28021TM2 selected: the trivial $C_3$ character $(1,1,1)/\sqrt3$ is the protected column, so $\cos\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$ is locked to $\theta_{23}$ by (8); the magic Jarlskog $J=1/(6\sqrt3)$ is maximal CP, the sign fixed by the drive.T
master: 00:G15, 00:G17
C11p28022Seesaw of circulants $\Rightarrow$ Koide-form (theorem); with $M_R\propto m_D$ (Y1) the seesaw gives $m_\nu=m_D^{\mathsf T}$, $r_\nu=\sqrt2$ (transpose fixed point).T
Prop. 7, 8; flv.neutrino; rests on A5, B1, B5, C1
master: 00:G15
C11bp28050Both orderings solved: the signed $r_\nu=\sqrt2$ circulant solves both neutrino orderings exactly, so the boundary branch (B6) is the sole ordering assumption.T
C12p28024The generation $\mathbf{16}$ is the four-chart reflection algebra $\Lambda^{\bullet}(\C^4)\cong\Lambda^{\mathrm{even}}(\C^5)$, the quarter-turn the fifth direction; projection anchored at $\nu^c=\Lambda^0$.T
Prop. 1
master: 00:G12, 00:G18
X. What the construction explains: the surplus over the flavour data
X1p28025The Koide ratio is exactly $2/3$ given the quarter-turn realisation B5, the cube-root generation orbit bisected at the quarter-turn ($\rho^2=2^{-1}$), an exact value rather than an unexplained empirical coincidence.T
Proposition 2; flv.framed_koide
X2p28026The up-quark Koide value is $5/6$ in framed arithmetic ($0.849$ in the working scheme, $0.832$ with pole masses), the cube-root colour norm $r_u^2=N(1-\omega)=3$ against the colourless $N(1-i)=2$, a ratio where the Standard Model carries no relation at all.T
Remark 4.5; flv.quark_amp
X3p28027The flavour charges are the role depths $(0,1,2)$ of the closed primitive-role ladder, derived as the three generative roles rather than assigned to fit the hierarchy.T
§ 4.2; flv.tier_b
X4p28028The Cabibbo angle is the Gatto relation $V_{us}=|\sqrt{m_d/m_s}-e^{i\varphi}\sqrt{m_u/m_c}|$ following from the role-depth texture, the leading term at $0.3\%$ and the phase $\varphi$ a kernel datum, so two otherwise-independent observables are tied rather than measured apart.T
Proposition 4; flv.spurion
X5p28029The Georgi–Jarlskog factor is the colour count $N_c=3$, the $B\!-\!L$ Clebsch of the $\overline{\mathbf{126}}$, not a texture coefficient inserted by hand; its double ratio $9$ against the measured $10.4\pm0.5$ is the open $15\%$ excess of the minimal Clebsch.T
§ 4.3; flv.tier_b
X6p28030The up-sector doubling $m^u_i\sim(m^d_i)^2$ is forced by the $\mathbf{10}\cdot\mathbf{10}$ Yukawa, so the steeper up hierarchy is a consequence rather than a separate assumption.T
Proposition 3; flv.up_doubling
X7p28031The electron’s extreme lightness is the quarter-turn boundary: the lightest generation sits where the winding amplitude vanishes, massless at leading order, rather than an anomalously small Yukawa tuned by hand.T
Proposition 6; flv.m10
X8p28032The large-lepton, small-quark mixing split is the lopsided $M_e=M_d^{\mathsf T}$: one off-diagonal feeds the invisible right-handed quark rotation and, transposed, the visible left-handed lepton rotation, so the two mixing matrices are one structure rather than two unrelated ones.T
§ 4.4
X9p28033The reactor angle is, at leading order, $\sin\theta_{13}=\sin\theta_C/\sqrt2=0.159$, quark–lepton complementarity through the quarter-turn, $7\%$ above the observed $0.149$ with no correction derived: a leading-order estimate of the mixing parameter, not a prediction.T
§ 6; flv.theta13
X10p28034Near-maximal leptonic CP is the cube-root phase: $\mathrm{Im}\,\omega=\sqrt3/2$ gives the maximal Jarlskog $J=1/(6\sqrt3)$, so the cubic reappears as CP violation rather than a free phase fitted to data.T
§ 6; flv.pmns_cp
X11p28035The neutrino spectrum (a near-massless lightest state, $\sum m_\nu\simeq59\,$meV on the normal branch) follows from colourlessness fixing $Q_\nu=2/3$, the transpose fixed point under the alignment $M_R\propto m_D$ (Y1) and the boundary branch that selects the ordering (B6), rather than three independent neutrino masses.T
Proposition 8, § 5; flv.neutrino
P. Falsifiable predictions
P1p28036Charged-lepton Koide $Q_\ell=2/3$ exact on B5 (measured $0.666661\pm0.000007$); $m_e=0.5106$ vs $0.5110$ MeV. Falsifier: a lepton-mass shift of $Q_\ell$ off $2/3$ beyond the $\tau$-mass tolerance.T
C2, B5; flv.tier_b; rests on A6
master: 00:G16
P2p28037Up-quark Koide $Q_u=5/6$ in framed arithmetic, $r_u^2=N(1-\omega)=3$; continuum $0.849$ in the working scheme, $0.832$ with pole masses, band $0.83$–$0.89$. Falsifier: up/charm/top masses moving $Q_u$ outside the band in every standard scheme.T
master: 00:G17
P3p28038Cabibbo $V_{us}=|\sqrt{m_d/m_s}-e^{i\varphi}\sqrt{m_u/m_c}|$: leading term $0.224^{+0.011}_{-0.004}$ vs $0.2243$ ($0.3\%$), the up term $\pm0.04$ with $\varphi$ open. Falsifier: no $\varphi$ satisfying the relation within the input band.T
C6; rests on B3
P5p28039Normal neutrino ordering, from $Q_\nu=2/3$, the two $\Delta m^2$ and the boundary branch (B6); the signed circulant solves both orderings (C11b). Falsifier: inverted ordering.T
§ 5; flv.neutrino; rests on A6, B5, C11
P6p28040Mass-sum floor $\sum m_\nu=58.7$ meV ($m_1{\simeq}0$, $m_2{\simeq}8.6$, $m_3{\simeq}50$ meV; $58.8$ at NuFIT 6.0), the $m_1=0$ normal-ordering floor. Falsifier: a cosmological $\sum m_\nu<0.058$ eV.T
§ 5; flv.neutrino; rests on A6, B5, B6, C11, Y1
master: 00:P3
P7p28041Effective Majorana mass $m_{\beta\beta}{\simeq}1.5$–$3.7$ meV (NO, $m_1{\simeq}0$, circulant phase). Falsifier: a $0\nu\beta\beta$ signal at the inverted scale $15$–$50$ meV.T
C11; rests on B6, Y1
P8p28042Leptonic CP locked to the octant by (8): $\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}\in(204^\circ,310^\circ)$ over the $3\sigma$ $\theta_{23}$ range, $\pm124^\circ$/$\pm74^\circ$ at the NuFIT 6.0 best fits, $\sin\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}{<}0$, $J=1/(6\sqrt3)$. Falsifier: CP-conserving $\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}$, $\sin\delta_{\mathrm{CP}}{>}0$, or $(\theta_{23},\delta_{\mathrm{CP}})$ off the relation.T
V. Machine verification
V1p28043The validation package finite-ring-space/src/28-flavour: the sixteen scripts as written — flv.exact_core, flv.framed_koide, flv.tier_b, flv.m10, flv.delta, flv.revision_checks, flv.quark_amp, flv.up_doubling, flv.spurion, flv.theta13, flv.neutrino, flv.pmns_cp, flv.tm2_jointfit, flv.scale_a, flv.coupling_anchor, flv.alpha_probe — run through one registry, one family per script, its micro-checks the script’s own verdict lines together with the registry’s predicates on the script’s namespace and output (four scripts print without asserting; every headline numeral is pinned by a labelled check in flvcommon.py), each family naming the rows it witnesses; the notebook 28-flavour-main.ipynb executes them in the browser and the driver run_all.py writes results.json.T
Sec. 10; run_all
V2p28044The discipline, recorded per family as its class: EXACT — integer, $\F_p$, $\F_{p^2}$ or cyclotomic arithmetic throughout, no float in any asserted claim (flv.exact_core, flv.framed_koide, the load-bearing identities of the mass sector); MIXED — an own exact check for at least one claim, the continuum confined to labelled [approx] comparisons (seven families); APPROX — continuum or numerical by construction, a numerical reconfirmation of an identity proven exactly in flv.exact_core, a comparison with measured data, or an $\Om$-hard reading (seven families).T
Sec. 10, Sec. 7
V3p28045What the run does not decide: the $\Om$-hard residues (Z1–Z4) enter only as labelled readings (the transmutation exponent, the coupling anchor, the one-loop fermion sum, $\delta_0=Q/3$ as a confrontation); the joint mixing fit of flv.tm2_jointfit is status, not a test (five parameters for four observables); the reactor angle is a leading-order estimate at $7\,\%$ (C9), not a prediction; the Georgi–Jarlskog double ratio is carried as the open $15\,\%$ excess; five of the scripts’ own checks are statements, not decisions, and are recorded as such in the package README.T
Sec. 10
Z. Residues: $\Om$-hard
Z1p28046The lepton winding phase $\delta_0$: the one $\Om$-hard drive-orientation residue. Neither a geometric nor a profinite derivation fixes it, the drive-orientation Gauss sum’s phase taking no fixed value across the shells of the totality, equidistributed in its large-shell reading. Sub-horizon reading $\delta_0=Q/3=2/9$ ($3\delta_0=Q$); leading $\delta_{\mathrm{LO}}=\tfrac38-\tfrac13$ framed-rational (C3); phase residue carried by $\mathrm{Re}(b^{3})$.Ω
master: 00:G16
Z2p28047With the quark phases locked to $\delta_0$ by C5 ($\delta_d=\delta_0/2$, $\delta_u=\delta_0/3$), the neutrino phase $\delta_\nu\simeq0.48$, which the seesaw resets, and the quark CP phase are independent $\Om$-hard residues.Ω
C5, C11; flv.delta; rests on Z1
Z3p28048The absolute masses and the electroweak scale $v$: $\Om$-hard, the matter face of the scale operator (master ledger Z6).Ω
master: 00:Z6
Z4p28049$\alpha^{-1}(0)$: the electromagnetic face of the scale operator, $\Om$-hard (master ledger Z8).Ω
master: 00:Z8
Y. Hypotheses: stated ahead of their test
Y1p28052The $\overline{\mathbf{126}}$ alignment, $M_R\propto m_D$, on which the seesaw’s transpose fixed point rests (C11): a hypothesis stated ahead of its test; no falsifier that tests it alone is yet stated.O
Prop. 8

Status

I
Import. A standard result or measured datum used here without reproof.
R
Realisation. A forced identification of a physical term with the substrate object it denotes: constitutive, not interpretive; defended by the totality of consequences registered under it; killed by the falsifier stated in its row.
D
Definition. A naming or set-up move.
T
Theorem. Derived within this paper from the rows above it; where a family identifier is named, its content is verified by the validation package.
O
Open. A hypothesis stated ahead of its test; a row that rests on it names it.
Ω
$\Om$-hard. Decided by the totality; not closeable by a bounded observer.

Sources

section
The statement in the paper's body that carries the predicate: a proposition, a remark or a section.
rests on
The predicates it rests on, by label: realisations, definitions and imports of this ledger, predicates of other ledgers (32:B3) and of the master (00:D15).
Read by block, the surface is small. Imported (A1–A6) are the substrate arithmetic and the generation content of the companion papers, the flavour textures and the seesaw with the running, and the measured anchors. Realised (B1–B6) are the six constitutive moves: matter as the circulant amplitude matrix, the generations as the Frobenius orbit, the role depths as the flavour charges, the colour excess as the Georgi–Jarlskog Clebsch, the colourless sectors as the undressed quarter-turn amplitude, and the neutrino boundary branch. The $\overline{\mathbf{126}}$ alignment (Y1) is the one hypothesis, open until a falsifier tests it alone. Everything else is derived (block C), the explanation register X1–X11 is what the construction supplies where the Standard Model measures, the predictions P1–P8 are the exposures with their falsifiers, V1–V3 the machine verification, and Z1–Z4 the $\Om$-hard residues — one phase and one scale in the charged sector, two further phases — decided by the totality. Tags: I 6, R 6, T 34, $\Om$-hard 4, O 1.